Part C 31 – Answer Key

7. B
“The first camp” supports the clean tooth hypothesis.
They believe removing plaque prevents enamel damage and cavities.
This matches the idea that keeping teeth clean prevents cavities.

8. C
Hujoel says brushing alone is not enough.
He emphasizes fluoride as the key factor in breaking down plaque.
This implies fluoride is necessary for effective plaque control.

9. D
The sentence discusses what the study aimed to examine.
“It” refers to the intensity of oral hygiene.
This is the main variable being tested.

10. D
The studies showed plaque was removed successfully.
However, cavity rates did not improve.
So intense hygiene only improves cleanliness, not cavity prevention.

11. C
Messina lists brushing, flossing, diet, and dental visits.
This shows prevention requires multiple strategies.
Therefore, a wide-ranging approach is needed.

12. A
Bosshardt mentions both benefits and risks of fluoride.
He advises people to weigh pros and cons with a dentist.
This supports individual choice.

13. B
The toothpaste has no anti-cavity claim.
This suggests it may not prevent tooth decay.
So not all toothpaste protects against cavities.

14. D
A low-carb diet is suggested as an alternative.
However, few people can follow such a strict diet.
This highlights its impracticality.

Text 2 – Stress and Burnout (Q15–22)

15. C
Burnout leads to poor patient outcomes and errors.
This indicates reduced clinician effectiveness.
The concern is about performance under pressure.

16. A
Different tools make burnout hard to measure consistently.
This creates challenges in ICU research.
So burnout poses practical problems in the setting.

17. C
ICU clinicians face high-stakes ethical decisions.
These increase stress and moral distress.
Thus, responsibility worsens burnout.

18. B
The text links burnout to patient outcomes and staff wellbeing.
Both are affected together.
This shows they are interconnected.

19. B
The paragraph describes changes in workforce and expectations.
These are broader system-level trends.
They contribute to increasing burnout.

20. D
Solutions include personal and institutional strategies.
Both levels must be addressed together.
This shows a multifaceted response is required.

21. A
These organizations develop stress and burnout indicators.
This helps measure practitioner wellbeing.
So they are involved in assessment.

22. A
“Paucity” means a lack or shortage.
There are few coordinated interventions available.
So not enough is being done.