Part C 31 – Question Booklet

Part C -Text 1: Questions 7-14

7. The phrase ‘the first camp’ refers to dental professionals who:

1. cannot agree on the effectiveness of fluoride.
2. believe keeping teeth clean prevents cavities.
3. feel that no amount of brushing reduced plaque.
4. are certain about how the entire process works.

8. Philippe Hujoel comments in the first paragraph indicate that he believes:

1. no one knows how to prevent plaque.
2. everyone has plaque on their teeth.
3. only fluoride can remove plaque.
4. plaque is impossible to remove

9. What does the word ‘it’ in the second paragraph refer to?

1. fluoride.
2. Hujoel’s team.
3. cavity prevention.
4. the intensity of oral hygiene.

10. By examining clinical trials from the US and UK, Philippe Hujoel says his team established that:

1. fluoride should be placed in all water supplies.
2. regular brushing is the best way to reduce cavities.
3. children need to be encouraged to brush their teeth.
4. intense oral hygiene is effective at cleaning teeth only

11. Matthew Messina from the American Dental Association suggests that:

1. scientific advances have reduced tooth decay.
2. fluoride isn’t as important as many people believe.
3. it takes a wide-ranging approach to prevent cavities.
4. Increased life expectancy results in more dental disease.

12. Darryl Bosshardt’s comments indicate that he believes:

1. it is up to individuals to make their own choice about fluoride.
2. fluoride is still the best way to protect teeth.
3. there are no alternatives to fluoride.
4. fluoride is a dangerous product

13. The writer includes the statement that fluoride-free toothpaste from Tom’s of Maine does not carry an anti-cavity claim to suggest that:

1. this is the best toothpaste for people to buy.
2. some types of toothpaste may not prevent decay.
3. they don’t like offering this type of toothpaste.
4. it is difficult to decide which toothpaste works best

14. In the final paragraph, the writer uses Philippe Hujoel’s words to highlight that:

1. not everyone takes the same approach to oral hygiene.
2. some food can contribute to the problem.
3. fluoride is the best option.
4. not all diets are practical.

Part C -Text 2: Questions 15-22

15. What concern does the writer express about ICM clinicians?

1. There are not enough of them to treat the rising number of sick people.
2. The numbers of those who work with children has increased.
3. Many may not be performing effectively because of a pressured work environment.
4. They usually work longer hours than is recommended

16. In the second paragraph, the writer suggests that burnout:

1. poses problems for the intensive care setting.
2. has become more prominent in recent years
3. isn’t currently able to be measured.
4. is very similar to depression.

17. What does the writer say about burnout syndrome in Australian emergency medicine clinicians?

1. Not enough emphasis is placed on ways to relieve pressure.
2. Training will help ICU staff better understand how they’re feeling.
3. The situation is made worse by of the level of responsibility placed on ICU staff
4. The impact of the condition is dependent on a range of personal choices.

18. The writer uses the term ‘interconnected’ to indicate that burnout can

1. make it difficult for staff to work well together.
2. impact on medical staff and patients
3. cause some healthcare professionals to leave the industry.
4. affect clinicians for many years after they are first diagnosed.

19. What does the writer suggest about the problem of burnout in the fifth paragraph?

1. It is being made worse by a reduction in healthcare professionals.
2. It is developing in line with broader societal issues.
3. It isn’t going to be solved any time soon.
4. It affects men more than women.

20. What point does the writer make in the sixth paragraph?

1. It is difficult for staff to change their current behaviour.
2. The existing approach within hospitals is there for a reason.
3. Management should do more to improve working conditions.
4. There needs to be a multifaceted response to workforce welfare.

21. The writer explains that the College of Intensive Care Medicine and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society

1. are integral in measuring the health of practitioners
2. should take action before the situation worsens for practitioners.
3. Require assistance from other sectors in order to help practitioners reduce their workload.
4. need to educate patients about how their actions affect practitioners.

22. In the final paragraph, the writer uses the word ‘paucity’ to suggest that:

1. not enough is being done to help practitioners.
2. practitioners need to do more to help themselves.
3. the ICU may not be a suitable place for all practitioners to work
4. it is natural that some practitioners handle stress better than others.

End of Reading 31