Melons Booklet 16 – Eligibility Questions

Below are the 250 Questions for assessing your eligibility to Group A. You will have 50 questions each for Listening, Reading, Writing, Speaking and Grammar. Score a minimum of 40/50 in all the 5 areas. Those who maintain this score for 2 weeks (500 Questions) will be promoted to Group A. You can book your OET exam after reaching Group A.

Reading – Mention Practice

• Read each paragraph with utmost care.
• Read the “Mention Practice Questions” below and say if it is mentioned (True) or not Mentioned (False)
• If you know, apply all the MELONS Methods you know. Number Method, Main Idea Method and Negative Methods are most common.

Paragraph 1

Physical inactivity is a substantial risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Exercise probably works by increasing physical fitness and by modifying other risk factors. Among other benefits, it lessens the risk of stroke and osteoporosis and is associated with a lower all-cause mortality. Moreover, it has psychological effects that are surely underexploited. A pervasive benefit is the gain in everyday reserve capacity – that is, the ability to do more without fatigue. Nevertheless, there is much debate about how intense the exercise should be. Some studies show a dose-response relation between activity and reduction of risk, with a threshold of effect; some suggest that vigorous aerobic activity is needed and others that frequent moderate exercise is adequate – and indeed safer if ischemic heart disease might be present. A few surveys have found a slightly increased risk of heart attack with extreme activity, though further analysis in one study suggested this applied only to men with hypertension.

Mention Practice Questions

1. Physical activity reduces risks of cardiovascular diseases.
2. Exercise is a proven way to increase physical fitness in all people.
3. In a population that does substantial amounts of physical activities, all-cause mortality is lower.
4. Physical activities and mental health are corresponding.
5. It is believed but not proved that physical activities increase reserve capacity.
6. Experts have reached a single conclusion regarding the intensity of exercise to be done.
7. There is an array of opposing study results and opinions about physical activities.
8. Nobody supports forceful aerobic activities for people who have ischemic heart disease.

Answer Keys

1. Mentioned
2. Not Mentioned
3. Mentioned
4. Mentioned
5. Not Mentioned
6. Not Mentioned
7. Not Mentioned
8. Not Mentioned

Paragraph 2

A commonly recommended minimum regimen for cardiovascular benefit is thrice weekly exercise for 20 minutes, brisk enough to produce sweating or hard breathing (or a heart rate 60-80% of maximum). Indeed, this is what the Allied Dunbar national survey of fitness among adults in the UK recommends. It conveys a simple popular message of broad minimum targets for different age groups expressed in terms of activities of different intensity. The aim is to produce a training effect through exercise beyond what is customary for an individual.

Paragraph 3

The main reason why people fail to take exercise is lack of time. Thus an important message is that exercise can be part of the daily routine – walking or cycling to work or the shops, for instance. Relatively few people in the national fitness survey had walked continuously for even 1-25 km in the previous month (11-30% depending on age and sex), and other surveys have also found little walking. Cycling is also beneficial; however, many are put off cycling to work by the danger. Certainly, more cycle routes are needed, but even now life years lost through accidents are outweighed by the estimated life years gained through better health. Employers could encourage people to make exercise part of the working day by providing showers and changing rooms, flexible working hours, individual counselling by occupational health or personnel staff, and sometimes exercise facilities – or at least encouragement for exercise groups.

Paragraph 4

In the promotion of exercise children, women, middle aged men, and older people need special thought. Lifelong exercise is most likely to be started in childhood, but children may have little vigorous exercise. Women tend to be much less active than men and are less fit at all ages. The proportion judged on a treadmill test to be unable to keep walking at 5 km/h up a slight slope rose with age from 34% to 92% – and over half of those aged over 54 would not be able to do so even on the level. Women have particular constraints: young children may prevent even brisk walking. Thus, they need sensitive help from health professionals and women’s and children’s groups as well as the media.

Paragraph 5

A high proportion of men aged 45-54, who have a high risk of coronary heart disease, were not considered active enough for their health. Promotion of exercise and individual counselling at work could help. Forty per cent of 65 – 74-year-olds had done no “moderate” activity for even 20 minutes in a month. Yet older people especially need exercise to help them make the most of their reduced physical capacity and counteract the natural deterioration of age. They respond to endurance training much the same as do younger people. Doctors particularly should take this challenge more seriously.

Paragraph 6

People need to be better informed, and much can be done through the media. For instance, many in the survey were mistaken in thinking that they were active and fit. Moreover, many gave “not enough energy” and “too old” as reasons for not exercising. Precautions also need publicity – for example, warming up and cooling down gradually, avoiding vigorous exercise during infections, and (for older people) having a medical check before starting vigorous activity. Doctors are in a key position. Some general practitioners have diplomas in sports medicine, and a few are setting up exercise programmes. As the Royal College of Physicians says, however, all doctors should ask about exercise when they see patients, especially during routine health checks, and advise on suitable exercise and local facilities. Their frequent contact with women and children provides a valuable opportunity. Excluding ischaemic heart disease and also checking blood pressure before vigorous activity is started are important precautions. But above all doctors could help to create a cultural change whereby the habit of exercise becomes integral to daily life.

Listening Mention Practice Audios

Dr Marven Lee – Part C Model

1. Doctor Marvin Lee is a health administrator.
2. Doctor Lee is an advocate of non-visit medical care.
3. Transition to non-visit care systems is in the testing phase now.
4. New organizations are entering the market and implementing non-visit care systems.
5. The existing medical culture is based on a face-to-face patient-doctor interaction.
6. “Meet a patient’s need remotely” refers to non-visit care system.
7. “I think this will change the game.” Here, “game” refers to the expenses incurred in setting up a hospital.
8. “Start from scratch” means “start from an existing level of growth.”
9. These two “responses” discussed here are “non-visit systems” and the traditional face-to-face system.
10. There is a fully grown technology to implement the non-visit care system.
11. Dr Lee thinks that there is better technology than smartphones to aid the non-visit care system.
12. A “decade” is fifteen years.
13. “So, we really have to find a way to map onto that consumer demand.” Map onto means “finding locations.”
14. “The tech is there already.” Here, “tech” means “technology.”
15. There is an absence of clinical protocols designed to help physicians and clients make decisions about appropriate healthcare for specific circumstances.
16. Dr Lee thinks that there is absolutely no need of any face-to-face visit.
17. A blood specimen or urine can be collected without the patient’s having to move out of his home.
18. The tone of the speaker is optimism for the advancement of technology and science.
19. Dr Lee is in support of non-visit system because he thinks a lot of injustice in medical system can be avoided.
20. “And I think that if you do that…” Dr Lee refers to critical evaluation of the time wasted in face-to-face (in-person-visits).

Pauline Davidson – Part C Model

GP and Mr Martin – Part A Model

That is the end of Listening Tasks. Now, move to the Speaking tasks.

Speaking Topics

Writing Case Notes

• Harry Hartman
• Sara Hamilton
• Dorothy Bill

Apart from these, you will have 50 Questions from Grammar Topics.