An essay is a formal piece of writing that explores a topic in depth, often reflecting personal views or arguments. It follows a structured format—introduction, body, and conclusion—and is usually written for academic purposes.
In contrast, an article is designed to inform or explain facts clearly and concisely. It uses a headline, short paragraphs, and sometimes subheadings to make the content easy to read. Articles are more objective and reader-friendly, commonly found in newspapers, magazines, and websites. While essays focus on analysis and reflection, articles prioritize clarity and real-world relevance.
Essay
- Written to explore, argue, or reflect on a topic.
- Formal and often personal or analytical in tone.
- Structured as: Introduction → Body → Conclusion.
- Audience is usually academic (teachers, students).
- May include opinions, arguments, and literary devices.
- Language can be elaborate or reflective.
- Common in exams, school assignments, and competitions.
Article
- Written to inform, explain, or present facts clearly.
- Objective, informative, and journalistic in tone.
- Structured with: Headline → Introduction → Subheadings/Paragraphs → Conclusion.
- Audience is general public or specific readers (e.g., newspaper/magazine readers).
- Focuses on facts, clarity, and real-world relevance.
- Language is simple, direct, and engaging.
- Common in newspapers, magazines, blogs, and websites.
Sample Question: Write an essay on the topic “Gandhiji’s vision for an Inclusive and Harmonious India addressing issues like Equality and Social Justice, Women Empowerment, Cultural Fusion and Religious Tolerance, Opposition to Social Evils, and National and Cultural Identity”
Gandhiji’s Vision for an Inclusive and Harmonious India
Mahatma Gandhi dreamed of an India where every citizen lived with dignity, equality, and peace. His vision was rooted in truth, non-violence, and respect for all communities. He believed that social justice was essential for national progress. Gandhi fought against untouchability and caste discrimination, promoting equality among all people.
Women empowerment was also central to his ideals. He encouraged women to participate in freedom movements and believed they should have equal rights in education, society, and politics. Gandhiji’s idea of religious tolerance was based on mutual respect. He saw all religions as paths to truth and wanted India to be a land of unity in diversity.
He opposed social evils like child marriage, dowry, and alcoholism, and worked to uplift the poor and marginalized. Gandhi also promoted cultural fusion, where traditions from different regions and communities could coexist peacefully. His emphasis on national identity was not based on language or religion, but on shared values like honesty, simplicity, and service.
Gandhiji’s vision remains relevant today. To build a truly inclusive India, we must follow his path of equality, harmony, and compassion. His dream was not just political freedom, but a just and united society for all.
Writing an Essay with IBC Model
I – Introduction (1 Paragraph)
- Purpose: Introduce the topic. Give a brief overview of what the essay will cover. Set the tone and engage the reader.
- What to Include: Start with a quote, question, or strong statement. A brief explanation of the topic. A thesis statement: One sentence that sums up your main argument or viewpoint.
Example (for Gandhiji essay):
Mahatma Gandhi envisioned an India rooted in equality, peace, and unity. His ideals went beyond political freedom—they aimed to build a society where every individual, regardless of caste, gender, or religion, could live with dignity. This essay explores Gandhiji’s vision through key themes like social justice, women empowerment, religious tolerance, and cultural harmony.
B – Body Paragraphs (3 Paragraphs)
Each paragraph should focus on one main idea. Use examples, explanations, and link it to Gandhiji’s values or actions.
Body Paragraph 1: Equality and Social Justice. Gandhiji’s fight against untouchability and caste discrimination. His belief in Sarvodaya (welfare of all). Campaigns for dignity of labour and upliftment of the poor.
Body Paragraph 2: Women Empowerment & Religious Tolerance. Encouraged women’s participation in freedom movements. Advocated equal rights in education and society. Promoted respect for all religions—“All religions are true.”
Body Paragraph 3: Opposition to Social Evils & Cultural Identity. Fought against child marriage, dowry, and alcoholism. Emphasized simplicity, truth, and service as core Indian values. Believed in unity in diversity—India’s strength lies in its pluralism.
C – Conclusion (1 Paragraph)
- Summarize the key points. A brief recap of the themes.
- Reinforce the central message.
- End with a thoughtful remark or call to action (A final reflection or connection to today’s India).
Gandhiji’s vision for India was deeply inclusive and morally grounded. His ideals of equality, empowerment, and unity remain vital in today’s society. To truly honour his legacy, we must continue striving for a just and harmonious India where every citizen feels valued and respected.
Write an essay on the theme of self-belief and determination as portrayed in Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam’s speech “I Will Fly”.
Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam’s speech “I Will Fly” is a powerful message to young minds about the importance of self-belief, courage, and determination. Addressing a group of students, Kalam shares the story of a boy who feels trapped by poverty and lack of opportunity. Instead of offering sympathy, Kalam challenges him to rise above his limitations and believe in his potential.
The speech emphasizes that success is not determined by one’s background, wealth, or connections, but by one’s attitude and effort. Kalam encourages students to dream big and work hard, reminding them that every great achievement begins with a strong inner belief. He urges them to ask questions, explore ideas, and never be afraid of failure.
“I Will Fly” is more than a motivational phrase—it is a mindset. It reflects Kalam’s own journey from a humble background to becoming a scientist and the President of India. His words inspire students to break free from fear and self-doubt, and to take control of their future.
Through this speech, Kalam teaches that limitations are often mental, and with vision and perseverance, anyone can soar high. His message continues to empower young people across India to dream fearlessly and fly confidently toward their goals.
Question: Write an essay on the theme of overcoming fear and gaining confidence as portrayed in the story “His First Flight”.
Liam O’Flaherty’s story “His First Flight” beautifully captures the moment when a young seagull learns to conquer his fear and take flight. The story begins with the young bird standing alone on a ledge, afraid to fly. His siblings have already soared into the sky, but he hesitates, fearing he will fall. Despite hunger and loneliness, he refuses to move.
The turning point comes when his mother tempts him with food. Driven by desperation, he jumps—and to his surprise, he flies. This moment is not just about a bird learning to fly; it’s a powerful symbol of how fear holds us back, and how courage can unlock our true potential.
The story reflects a universal truth: growth begins when we step out of our comfort zone. The young seagull’s flight is a metaphor for every challenge we face in life—whether it’s speaking in public, trying something new, or making an important decision. His journey shows that fear is natural, but it should not control us.
Through simple language and vivid imagery, O’Flaherty teaches that confidence is built through action. “His First Flight” reminds us that the first step is often the hardest, but once taken, it opens the sky to endless possibilities.
Question: Write an essay on the theme of sacrifice and emotional strength as portrayed in the story “The Price of Flowers”.
Essay (220 words): “The Price of Flowers” by Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyay is a moving story that explores the emotional strength of a young girl named Maggie, whose brother is missing in war. The narrator, an Indian man living in London, meets Maggie and her mother, and is deeply touched by their quiet dignity and hope.
Maggie’s love for her brother Frank is evident in every word she speaks. Though they are poor, she offers a silver coin to be used in a prayer at an Indian temple for her brother’s safety. She also gives a flower, believing it will carry her love and hope across the seas. This simple act becomes the heart of the story—it shows how even the smallest gesture can carry deep meaning.
The story highlights the emotional cost of war, especially for families waiting for news. Maggie’s strength lies not in grand actions, but in her quiet faith and willingness to sacrifice. Her innocence and sincerity leave a lasting impression on the narrator and the reader.
Through Maggie’s character, the story reminds us that love, hope, and sacrifice are universal emotions. “The Price of Flowers” teaches that even in times of uncertainty, human kindness and emotional courage can shine through.
Question: Imagine you got a chance to visit Kashmir. Write a travel essay describing your experience, highlighting its natural beauty, iconic landscapes, and rich culture.
Visiting Kashmir felt like stepping into a dream. Often called the “Heaven on Earth,” its beauty is beyond words. As our flight descended, the sight of snow-capped mountains and endless valleys filled me with awe. The air was crisp, and the landscape looked like a painting come alive.
My first stop was the iconic Dal Lake, where I rode a shikara through calm waters surrounded by floating gardens and houseboats. The reflection of the mountains in the lake was magical. In Gulmarg, I saw snow for the first time. The white slopes, pine forests, and cable car rides made it a perfect winter wonderland.
The Mughal gardens—especially Shalimar Bagh and Nishat Bagh—were full of blooming flowers, fountains, and history. Their symmetry and charm showed the artistic legacy of the Mughals. Every corner of Kashmir felt peaceful and poetic.
But Kashmir’s beauty isn’t just in its landscapes—it’s in its people. Locals welcomed us with warmth and smiles. I tasted Kashmiri cuisine like Rogan Josh, Dum Aloo, and Kahwa tea, each dish rich in flavour and tradition.
The blend of natural beauty and cultural richness made my visit unforgettable. Kashmir is not just a place—it’s an emotion, a memory that stays with you long after you leave. I truly understood why it’s called Heaven on Earth.
Article: Disasters and Disaster Management in India
India is highly prone to disasters due to its vast geography, varied climate, and growing population. Both natural and man-made disasters cause significant loss of life and property every year, making disaster management a critical concern.
Natural disasters like floods, cyclones, earthquakes, droughts, and landslides affect different parts of the country. Floods are common during monsoons, especially in Assam, Bihar, and Kerala. Cyclones hit coastal states like Odisha and Andhra Pradesh, while earthquakes threaten regions in the Himalayas and Gujarat. Droughts impact agriculture in central and southern India, and landslides occur frequently in hilly areas.
Man-made disasters include industrial accidents, fires, transportation mishaps, and environmental hazards. The Bhopal Gas Tragedy remains one of the worst industrial disasters in Indian history.
To tackle these challenges, the government has set up the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) and State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs). These bodies plan and coordinate disaster response. The National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) is trained to handle emergencies quickly and efficiently.
India has also improved early warning systems, built cyclone shelters, and promoted community awareness. Technology like satellite data, mobile alerts, and GIS mapping helps in forecasting and rescue operations.
With better planning, training, and public participation, India is steadily building resilience against disasters and working towards safer communities.
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